PDF Download The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen
You can locate the link that our company offer in site to download and install The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen By purchasing the cost effective cost and obtain completed downloading and install, you have finished to the first stage to obtain this The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen It will certainly be absolutely nothing when having actually purchased this book as well as not do anything. Read it and disclose it! Invest your couple of time to simply check out some sheets of page of this book The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen to review. It is soft documents as well as simple to review wherever you are. Appreciate your new habit.
The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen
PDF Download The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen
The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen. A job may obligate you to always improve the knowledge as well as encounter. When you have no adequate time to improve it straight, you could obtain the encounter and also expertise from checking out guide. As everyone knows, publication The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen is popular as the home window to open up the world. It indicates that checking out publication The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen will provide you a brand-new means to discover every little thing that you require. As guide that we will certainly supply below, The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen
Well, book The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen will make you closer to what you are ready. This The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen will certainly be constantly excellent close friend at any time. You could not forcedly to always complete over checking out a book simply put time. It will certainly be just when you have extra time as well as investing couple of time to make you feel satisfaction with just what you check out. So, you can obtain the meaning of the notification from each sentence in guide.
Do you understand why you need to review this site as well as just what the relationship to reading publication The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen In this modern-day period, there are lots of ways to acquire guide and they will be considerably easier to do. One of them is by getting the e-book The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen by on the internet as what we inform in the web link download. The book The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen could be a choice due to the fact that it is so proper to your necessity now. To get the book on-line is extremely easy by just downloading them. With this chance, you can review guide anywhere as well as whenever you are. When taking a train, waiting for listing, and also awaiting a person or other, you can review this on-line book The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen as a buddy again.
Yeah, reviewing an e-book The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen could include your close friends checklists. This is one of the formulas for you to be successful. As known, success does not mean that you have excellent points. Recognizing and also understanding even more than other will certainly give each success. Close to, the message as well as impression of this The Oromo Of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, By Mohammed Hassen can be taken and picked to act.
This study deals mainly with the history of the Oromo of the area - the Gibe region. It covers a period of three centuries. The story begins at a time when the medieval Christian kingdom of Abyssinia was rapidly disintegrating and ends shortly before the creation of the modern Ethiopian empire. During this long period, the Oromo led an independent existence as masters of their destiny and makers of their own history. The Oromo of the Gibe region lived as neighbors with, but beyond military control and political influence of, the medieval Christian kingdom of Abyssinia. The latter came to constitute only a small part of what today is Ethiopia. The Oromo developed their own cultural, religious, and political institutions which shaped their history and expressed their world view.
The independent existence of the Oromo was brought to an end abruptly and rudely by the creation of the modern Ethiopian empire during and after the 1880s. The conquest and annexation of their territory not only deprived the Oromo of their sovereignty but also of their history, because the creation of the empire consolidated myths and untruths long held and circulated in the Christian kingdom about the Oromo, who were generally portrayed as people without a history. To set the record straight this introduction considers two themes that are unrelated but each necessary to the understanding of the history of the Oromo. First, the introductory chapter briefly depicts how the Oromo problem is either presented falsely or even ignored in the Ethiopian historiography. The second and larger part of the chapter deals with the Oromo social organization on the eve of their sixteenth-century migration.
During the sixteenth and subsequent centuries much was written on the military conflict between the Oromo were generally described simply as "the enemies of the Amhara" and what was written about them by the Christian chroniclers mainly expressed the intense prejudice which was deeply rooted in Abyssinian society. Even the enlightened historian and great intellectual of his time, Abba Bahrey, who wrote History of the Galla in 1593 opens his invaluable work with these words: "I have begun to write the history of the Galla in order to make known the number of their tribes, their readiness to kill people, and the brutality of their manners." Since the time of Abba Bahrey the purported brutality of Oromo manners has been magnified and embroidered with grotesque distortions of history, which depicts the Oromo as "barbarian hordes who brought darkness and ignorance in their train." In such writings the Oromo were never credited as creators of an original culture, or as having religious and democratic political institutions which flowered in patterns of their own making and nourished their spiritual and material well-being. On the contrary, unsubstantiated myths and untruths were created and the Oromo were arbitrarily degraded to a lower stage of material culture, as people who needed the "civilizing mission" of their Abyssinian neighbors. Although the Abyssinian society has had a fascinating history, to maintain that its elite members had an historic mission "to civilize the barbarians" is nonsense historically. The Abyssinian elite, especially the Shawan Amhara rulers, who laid the foundation of and created the modern Ethiopia empire, had everything to gain in attributing a "civilizing mission" to themselves - it has been the common cry of colonizers. In fact, the new Ethiopian ruling class, typified by Emperor Menelik, the creator of the modern Ethiopian empire, found it necessary and profitable to denigrate the Oromo people, their culture, and their history in all ways great and small. This ruling class especially perceived the danger of the larger Oromo population to its empire. Consequently, the ruling class systematically depicted the Oromo as people without history, and belittled their way of life, and their religious and political institutions. It is not an exaggeration to say that no people have had their history so distorted or ignored and their achievements and human qualities undervalued as the Oromo have in the Ethiopian historiography. Bogumil Jewsiewicki's observation in his Introduction to the African Historiographies seems apposite.
Because of its alliance with the state structures, separate from the true needs and concerns of the people, the historiography of the savants is, in Africa as else where, the dominant form by which the past is described. But such an alliance also requires the creation of myths which pretend to be exclusive truths and portray themselves as capable of overcoming all other means of understanding the past.
Until very recently, Oromo history has been either neglected, as M. Abir admits, or it has been totally ignored, or it has been distorted by prejudice. The Ethiopian ruling class even succeeded in elevating its anti-Oromo prejudice to the plane of state ideology, which was uncritically repeated in the name of scholarship.
The Galla had nothing to contribute to the civilization of Ethiopia, they possessed no material or intellectual culture, and their social organization was at a far lower stage of development than of the population among whom they settled.
These words written in 1960, by a well-known scholar of Semitic languages, are a good illustration of such long-held common historical prejudice. A number of other scholars have expressed similar historical prejudice less eloquently.
These biases derive from several sources. The very presence of a vast and readily available corpus of chronicles and texts in the Semitic languages of the northern kingdoms and chiefdoms has fitted in with the biases of European historians and classical linguists towards written sources; however dubious their contents, texts have been rated as more scholarly than oral sources, "proper" history only existing in writing and records. The northern Abyssinian texts, moreover, were written in Semitic languages of the same family as those used by the founders of the great Middle Eastern religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and enshrined in the holy books of those religions. That, in itself, gave them prestige in the eyes of Orientalists. Further, Oromo, by not being a "written language" was not available to European scholars in libraries; not being a available meant that it did not exist (Tutschek 1844 is an honorable exception). Amharinya, Tigrinya, and Geez pointed towards the Middle East and Abyssinians stressed myths such as the Solomonic legend (which was taught in schools as historical fact) and they played down their Africanness. Christian and Negro were often cited as opposites, as good and evil. Oromo, or Galla as it was called, derived from Black Africa. Further, the study of the north flourished when European colonial empires were flourishing: Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal also saw themselves as having "civilising missions." In a way Menelik and his nobles became honorary, if second-class, bearers of the "white man's burden." Similarly, Christianity, even of the Ethiopian variety, just had to be an indicator of a higher level of civilization than a traditional African religion which did not have a "book": Just as in a society stratified by class, the predatory state was at "simple states" of the Oromo.
Addis Ababa, the capital of the empire, was at the end of the railway line and was the stopping-point for most diplomats and scholars; beyond that was wild bush country populated by wild people and wild game. Certainly foreign travelers, diplomats, and the rare traveling scholar had to set out from the seat of the empire if they wished to penetrate its peripheries. So their own experiences, directed as they were from the center, took on the perceptions of the center, and those perceptions were arrogantly colonialist and Amhara-centered. Such only to destroy the Oromo people's pride in their achievements , but also needed to keep them chained, with no faith in themselves, their history, and national identity.
I believe that a true knowledge of the history of the various Ethiopian peoples will create confidence and trust among the peoples of the country. Therefore, it is with this goal in mind that I have endeavored to write an objective history of the Oromo of the Oromo of the Gibe region, but from an Oromo point of view, though I do not neglect the history of the other people with whom the Oromo interacted. Above all, it is a history whose unexpressed message stresses the importance of and the need for building bridges of understanding and tolerance between the various peoples of Ethiopia.
- Sales Rank: #1226599 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Red Sea Pr
- Published on: 1994-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: .81" h x 6.07" w x 9.01" l, .90 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 253 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From the Back Cover
The Oromo, who constitute nearly half the population of Ethiopia, are the largest single national group in the Horn of Africa. Yet the history of the Oromo has been totally neglected. Since the creation of the modern Ethiopian Empire in the 1880s, historians have chosen to ignore the Oromo, who, for political reasons, were portrayed as "newcomers" to Ethiopia and generally considered as people "without history". This study breaks with that tradition and establishes conclusively not only that the Oromo were one of the indigenous peoples of Ethiopia, but also that they had their own fascinating history, culture, religion, and political institutions.
About the Author
Mohammed Hassen was born to an Oromo peasant family in Hararghe, Eastern Ethiopia. He was educated in both Ethiopia and England. he received his doctorate in African History from the University of London. He taught for six years in Ethiopia and three years at Atlanta University, Georgia, where he was also an Adjunct Professor of History at Morehouse College. After serving as an Associate Professor of African History at Hunter College, the City University of New York, he is now teaching at Georgia State University.
Most helpful customer reviews
7 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
The Beginning of the Long Journey Oromos should make to rectify their distorted History.
By Jalata Lami
This book is original in the sense that there was never a book written about the Oromo nation of Ethiopia with good intentions. This book is novel since it offers a new perspective on Oromos history. It's also courageous for Dr. Hassan to write Oromos' history from a perspective unaccustomed in the mainstream Ethiopian historiography. Ethiopian historiographers for the most part have conscious since they portrayed the Oromos as people of no history. It surprises me than no other historian took interest to make their own research rather than relying on Abyssinian historiagraphers for their source.
This is the beginning; and the history of Oromos of East Africa as ancient people and descendants of Kush deserve to be studies in depth.
I give this book 4.5 stars, and I did read it, unlike the other fella who gave it a low rating while confessing that he/she has not read it yet.
5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
A Wonderful Book about the Oromo people by an Oromo Scholar
By Kash Kash
This is a book written about one of the biggest ethnic group in Africa written by an Oromo scholar. In fact, it deals with the particular area within Oromia, the Gibe region. However, the gist of the book tries to address two fundamental issues in the Ethiopian historiography regarding the Oromo history. Firstly, it tries to rectify the prevailing and pervasive image that the Oromos were the people without history. Secondly, I tries to fill a huge gap in the Ethiopian history about the Oromo history. In my opinion, any work written on Ethiopia, such as this one, whether it is written by an Amhara or Gedeo, an Oromo or Tigre, a Somali or Hadiya, a Muslim or Christian, whether we like or we hate, whether we agree or we disagree, will enrich a conversation, a conversation about the future of Ethiopia.
That said; I would like comment on a comment David Taye. Dr. Mohammed Hassen wrote the book to give alternative viewpoints for people like you. Instead of reading and refuting his argument using rational and logical arguments, you simply reinstated what you heard about Oromos. He did not discuss most of the issues you mentioned in your comment. Please, read and comment, at least introduction or conclusion, next time .... Of course, you can raise those points when the issue deals with them.
12 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
The oromo of ethiopia- HIdden truth
By A Customer
The oromo of ethiopia is the third single largest nation in Africa yet strange to the world. Why? The history of oromo has been ignored. The language and the land has been abused. It was not by any direct international power but by royal family tribes of Amhara. Now It is time to tell the story which I call the hidden truth of one of Africas largest nationality-The oromo and their country Oromia.
The Book the Oromo of Ethiopia by Mr. Mohammed Hassen, is a wonderful start to introduce the rich but neglected culture and identity of Oromos. I thank Amazon.com for bringing this book up to my search result and many will benefit from it. I've never thought I will find a book like this one from Amazon.com.
Thanks a million.
The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen PDF
The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen EPub
The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen Doc
The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen iBooks
The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen rtf
The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen Mobipocket
The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570-1860, by Mohammed Hassen Kindle
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar